
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X28. Additional results: dynamic changes in territorial autonomy arrangements.</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="2">Civil violence (group)</td><td>Communal violence</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj. (model A96)</td><td>Min. (model A97)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A98)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-1.340<sup>*</sup></td><td>-2.621<sup>***</sup></td><td>-1.045<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.658)</td><td>(0.780)</td><td>(0.596)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.364<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.556)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x age of autonomy arrangement (logged)</td><td>0.223</td><td>0.945<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.639<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.320)</td><td>(0.356)</td><td>(0.336)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.677</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.449)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td>-1.192<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.408</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.295)</td><td>(0.426)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.704</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.469)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state)</td><td>0.507</td><td>2.149</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.027)</td><td>(1.309)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.186</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.906)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.549</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.909)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit)</td><td>0.248</td><td>3.030<sup>***</sup></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.533)</td><td>(0.909)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td></td><td></td><td>2.158<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(1.099)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.856<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.344)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.327</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.312)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.390<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.281<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.281<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.089)</td><td>(0.098)</td><td>(0.118)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.029</td><td>0.110</td><td>0.432<sup>**</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.093)</td><td>(0.131)</td><td>(0.139)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.0004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>0.532</td><td>0.693<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.008<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.512)</td><td>(0.301)</td><td>(0.529)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.062</td><td>0.167</td><td>-0.058</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.149)</td><td>(0.163)</td><td>(0.184)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.224<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.106</td><td>-0.161<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.081)</td><td>(0.109)</td><td>(0.088)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.449<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.856<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.411<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.177)</td><td>(0.219)</td><td>(0.249)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.082</td><td>-0.260<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.065</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.135)</td><td>(0.128)</td><td>(0.218)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>0.233</td><td>-1.542<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.401</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.722)</td><td>(0.683)</td><td>(0.570)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>0.206</td><td>-0.136</td><td>0.969</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.975)</td><td>(1.290)</td><td>(1.101)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>-0.539<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.405</td><td>0.311</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.290)</td><td>(0.333)</td><td>(0.212)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Age of autonomy arrangement (logged)</td><td>0.063</td><td>-0.283<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.074</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.150)</td><td>(0.134)</td><td>(0.182)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years</td><td>-0.556<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.369<sup>*</sup></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.145)</td><td>(0.145)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 2</td><td>0.033<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.015</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.013)</td><td>(0.013)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence peace years 3</td><td>-0.001<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.0002</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.0003)</td><td>(0.0003)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Civil violence spatial lag</td><td>0.923<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.266<sup>*</sup></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.251)</td><td>(0.523)</td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.314<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.085)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.017<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.010)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.989<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.396)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>1.218</td><td>2.555</td><td>-24.623<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.516)</td><td>(2.380)</td><td>(3.178)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>26,082</td><td>152,377</td><td>203,208</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-1,090.097</td><td>-1,504.707</td><td>-1,533.450</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>2,294.195</td><td>3,123.413</td><td>3,190.901</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of civil/communal violence involving a group/dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
